Matera and the Sassi: A City Carved in Stone

An ancient cave city carved into a ravine, overlooked for decades and unforgettable once you arrive

Basilicata, Italy

Why it's worth your time

No other Italian city lets you walk through a stone-age settlement that people still call home today.

Key Facts

Nearest Major City Bari (1 hour by train), Naples (2.5 hours)
Distance ~65 km from Bari
Best Time April–June / September–October
Type of Traveler Culturally curious travelers who want depth over crowds
Why It's Overlooked

Most tourists miss this place

Matera sits in Basilicata, one of Italy's least-visited regions, far from the Rome-Florence-Venice circuit. It has no single blockbuster monument to anchor a tour itinerary, so most guidebooks skip it or give it a paragraph. For decades its cave homes were known as the national shame, a reputation that kept travelers away long after the city's rebirth began.

Aerial view of Matera's Sassi above the Gravina ravine
Highlights

What to see and do

The Sassi
Two cave districts honeycomb the Gravina ravine, with dwellings, churches, and stairways stacked for nine millennia.
Casa Grotta
A preserved cave home shows how families lived here until the 1950s, in rooms carved from the rock itself.
Rupestrian Churches
Over 150 rock-cut sanctuaries dot the Murgia plateau, including the frescoed Crypt of Original Sin.
Matera seen across the Murgia plateau from afar
Getting There

How to arrive

Matera is easiest by train from Bari, with frequent regional services taking about an hour; the closest airport is Bari. Driving from Naples takes about 2.5 hours through Basilicata's countryside. Once you arrive, the Sassi are best explored on foot, though the stone stairways are steep.

Getting Around

How to move around

The Sassi are built for walking, but the terrain is steep and stair-heavy. An electric shuttle links the main parking areas to the upper town, and a tourist shuttle serves the cave districts in summer.

  • On foot, the stone stairways of the Sassi are the best way to explore, so wear flat, sturdy shoes
  • Electric shuttle for the steepest climbs between the upper town and the cave districts
  • A taxi for luggage transfers and for reaching the Murgia plateau viewpoints across the canyon
Stone stairway in Matera's Sasso Barisano
Day at a Glance

How to spend your time

Sasso Caveoso
Morning Sasso Caveoso, Matera Start in the oldest district before the crowds. Visit Casa Grotta and a rock church, then walk the terraces for views across the canyon.
Murgia Plateau
Afternoon Parco della Murgia Materana Cross the canyon on foot or by shuttle for the classic panorama of the whole city from Belvedere di Murgia Timone.
Rooftop Aperitivo
Evening Piazza del Sedile, Matera Wrap up with an aperitivo on a rooftop terrace as the Sassi begin to glow, then a candlelit dinner in a former cave dwelling.
Golden-hour light over Matera's cave city
Best Time

When to visit

April–June / September–October

Spring and fall bring long, golden light and few crowds. Summer is hot and busy, but the evenings are magical and the cave hotels stay naturally cool. Winter offers near-emptiness and occasional snow on the canyon, though some restaurants close and the stairways can be slippery.

Planning

Planning your visit

The Sassi are free to wander, but a few experiences fill up in high season. Book the essentials ahead and keep the rest flexible.

The Sassi districts themselves are open and free all day and night.

Get Travel Insurance

Book these in advance

  • Reserve Casa Grotta tickets online to skip the summer queues

  • Book cave hotels two to three months ahead for weekend stays from April to October

  • Join a guided Sassi walk for history you will not find on the signs

Where to Stay

Base towns and overnight options

Sasso Caveoso
Sleep inside the caves themselves, atmospheric and quiet, with terraces facing the canyon.
Sasso Barisano
The livelier district, packed with restaurants, shops, and sunset views from its upper terraces.
The Modern City
Budget-friendly B&Bs and hotels above the ravine, a short walk from the belvederes.
Eating

Where to eat nearby

Local Trattoria
Genuine Basilicata cooking with handmade pasta, crusty bread, and regional wine.
Cave Dining Room
A candlelit dinner inside a converted cave dwelling, book a terrace table for the view.
Terrace Café
A casual daytime stop for coffee and pastries overlooking the whole canyon.

Protect your trip

Matera rewards planning — a missed regional connection from Bari can cost you the day. Travel insurance helps protect your itinerary, and matters even more when your destination sits off the main rail corridors.

Protect Your Trip
Photography

Capturing the place

The classic shot is the Sassi from Belvedere di Murgia Timone at golden hour, when the limestone turns honey-colored. For something less expected, shoot the winding stairways and doorways of Sasso Caveoso before the light flattens. After dark, the city lights against the canyon are spectacular; bring a tripod or lean on a phone's night mode.

Photographer framing Matera at sunset from the plateau
Accessible ramp through the stone streets of Matera
Accessibility

Getting around with limited mobility

The Sassi are among the toughest streets in Italy, with steep stairways and uneven cobbles that are hard to avoid in the oldest districts. The upper town and its belvederes are wheelchair-accessible, and several cave hotels have been adapted with ramps and ground-level rooms. The electric shuttle reaches most of the main viewpoints.

Visiting Responsibly

Leave it as you found it

The Sassi are a living neighborhood as much as a monument. A few simple habits, like respecting residents, staying on marked paths, and supporting local shops, keep the experience authentic for everyone.

  • Respect private homes, since many cave dwellings are still lived in today
  • Stay on marked paths in the rock churches and never touch the frescoes
  • Buy from local shops in the old town to keep its economy alive
Everyday life continuing in Matera's cave neighborhood

What to know before you go

Matera rewards effort, and here is what that effort actually looks like.

  • The terrain is genuinely steep, and you will climb hundreds of steps every single day

  • The Sassi are quiet at night, so this is not a destination for nightlife seekers

  • Summer heat bounces off the limestone, so plan your walking for the early morning